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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and amazing filter technology to make the coffee we love. How does it work exactly?

In order to make espresso hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, however the main difference lies in the pressure.

The Head of the Group

The group head is the portafilter that you put in when making espresso. It distributes water into the portafilter and regulates the pressure of extraction. There are various kinds of group head each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some focus on temperature stability, others on pre-infusion capabilities, while others are designed to control the lever. There are also some that include a mix of features, espressomachines such as the E61 that is the classic choice among many baristas due to its capacity to offer multiple benefits in one package.

As you can see from the above photo the head of the group is equipped with several notches. It is possible to place your portafilter into these notches and turn the head around to secure it. A gasket made of rubber is positioned in the notches to create a seal as you insert your portafilter. The notches allow for precise placement of your portafilter. This is essential for an even extraction.

The group head not only lets you to put in your portafilter easily but also maintains the same temperature. It does this by cycling hot water through the brew basket, and around the portafilter, making sure that it is always at the correct temperature for extraction. It is important to realize that even a few degree deviation can make the difference between a great and a excellent espresso.

The Pump

The motorized pumps used in rotary espresso machines provide the nine atmospheric bar pressure needed for espresso extraction. This is different from manually operated piston machines that employ a lever. This pressure is generated by pumping water through a heat exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are generally less expensive than piston-driven machines, and tend to last longer, but both types of machines could get damaged through overuse and lack of cleaning. They also create mechanical complexity and can lead to an expensive price for even the simplest models.

Some espresso machines employ steam pressure instead of a pump to make espresso. The disadvantage of this is that the boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of the water to the point of boiling which could lead to over-extraction. The machines also need to constantly rebuild their pressure between cups. This takes energy and time.

A large majority of espresso machines employ an rotary or a vibration pump. A vibration model utilizes an oscillating disk to create pressure, whereas the rotating model pushes hot water through the ground at a fast speed. Both machines produce great espresso however rotary machines tend to be more stable, quieter and less likely to break.

The Boiler

The boiler makes the water warm to a temperature that is ideal to extract. The steam created is then directed to the portafilter, which contains the espresso coffee grounds. The steam is then channeled into the cup. During this process the steam generates enough pressure to push the coffee grounds through. This results in a layer crema on top. This is one of the main characteristics of a good mini espresso maker.

There are three types of espresso machines, each having distinct pumps and the temperature of the brew. There are various ways to control the brew and the size of cup that can be produced by the machine.

The first espresso machines were steam-type. The first espresso machines were steam-type machines. This led to the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. The modern espresso machine was created by the Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most common espresso machine is a semiautomatic that has an electric pump. These are the things people think of when they imagine an espresso machine. With a semi-automatic machine you grind the beans and then tamp them yourself but the pump provides regulated water flow and pressure. This is a perfect compromise between human control and mechanized accuracy.

The Filter

Typically, espresso machines employ filters that separate the grounds of coffee as they move through the hot water. The filter is also an essential component of the machine's temperature control, since it stops overheating.

It also improves flavor as a filter allows for a longer bloom time. This helps the beans release their nuances and gives the chance for better extraction.

It is important to keep in mind that even the best filter can make a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans and the extraction, are still crucial.

It's in this area that the magic takes place. This is the reason why espresso tastes so delicious. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you put the portafilter, the device which you put the grounds of coffee into while making espresso.

In an espresso machine that is driven by steam, hot water is heated in an airtight tank to produce steam, which then pushes the hot water through the grounds at high pressure. These types of machines are usually less expensive and simpler to maintain than pump-driven models. However, they are limited in their ability to provide the perfect brewing conditions since they are only operating at 1-1.5 bars of pressure. However, the perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They use an air compressor to push hot water through grounds and are significantly more portable than electric steam-driven machines.